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深度解析繼電器的原理與應用
繼(ji)電器的定義：繼(ji)電器是一種當輸入量(liang)（電、磁、聲、光、熱(re)）達到一定值時，輸出量(liang)將發(fa)生跳躍(yue)式變(bian)化的自動(dong)控(kong)制器件。
一、繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（relay）的(de)(de)工(gong)作原理和特(te)性(xing)當輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)量(liang)(如電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)流、溫度等)達到規定(ding)(ding)值時，使(shi)被控(kong)制的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)導通(tong)(tong)或斷開的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。可分為電(dian)(dian)氣量(liang)(如電(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、頻率、功率等)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)及非電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(如溫度、壓(ya)力(li)、速度等)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)兩大(da)類。具有動作快、工(gong)作穩定(ding)(ding)、使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命長、體積小等優點。廣泛應用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)力(li)保護、自(zi)(zi)動化、運動、遙控(kong)、測量(liang)和通(tong)(tong)信(xin)等裝置中(zhong)。繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)一種電(dian)(dian)子控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)，它具有控(kong)制系(xi)統（又稱輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)）和被控(kong)制系(xi)統（又稱輸(shu)(shu)出回(hui)路(lu)(lu)），通(tong)(tong)常應用(yong)于(yu)自(zi)(zi)動控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)，它實際上是(shi)用(yong)較小的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流去(qu)控(kong)制較大(da)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)一種“自(zi)(zi)動開關”。故在電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)起著自(zi)(zi)動調(diao)節(jie)、安(an)全保護、轉換(huan)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)等作用(yong)。
1、電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的工作(zuo)原理和特性電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)式繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)一(yi)般(ban)由鐵(tie)芯、線圈、銜(xian)(xian)鐵(tie)、觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)簧片等(deng)組成的。只要(yao)在(zai)線圈兩(liang)端加(jia)上一(yi)定(ding)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，線圈中(zhong)就(jiu)會流過一(yi)定(ding)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，從(cong)而(er)(er)產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)效應，銜(xian)(xian)鐵(tie)就(jiu)會在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)力(li)吸引(yin)的作(zuo)用(yong)下克服返回彈簧的拉力(li)吸向(xiang)鐵(tie)芯，從(cong)而(er)(er)帶動(dong)銜(xian)(xian)鐵(tie)的動(dong)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)與靜觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)（常(chang)(chang)開(kai)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)）吸合。當線圈斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)的吸力(li)也隨之消(xiao)失，銜(xian)(xian)鐵(tie)就(jiu)會在(zai)彈簧的反作(zuo)用(yong)力(li)返回原來(lai)的位置(zhi)，使動(dong)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)與原來(lai)的靜觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)（常(chang)(chang)閉觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)）吸合。這(zhe)樣吸合、釋放(fang)，從(cong)而(er)(er)達到了在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)的導通(tong)(tong)(tong)、切(qie)斷的目的。對(dui)于繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的“常(chang)(chang)開(kai)、常(chang)(chang)閉”觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，可以這(zhe)樣來(lai)區分：繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)線圈未(wei)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)處于斷開(kai)狀態的靜觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，稱為“常(chang)(chang)開(kai)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)”；處于接通(tong)(tong)(tong)狀態的靜觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)稱為“常(chang)(chang)閉觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)”。
2、熱(re)(re)敏(min)干簧(huang)繼電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)工作原理(li)和特性熱(re)(re)敏(min)干簧(huang)繼電(dian)(dian)器是一種利(li)用(yong)熱(re)(re)敏(min)磁(ci)(ci)性材(cai)料檢(jian)測和控制(zhi)溫度的(de)(de)新型熱(re)(re)敏(min)開(kai)關。它由感溫磁(ci)(ci)環(huan)、恒(heng)磁(ci)(ci)環(huan)、干簧(huang)管、導熱(re)(re)安裝片、塑料襯底及其(qi)他一些附件組成。熱(re)(re)敏(min)干簧(huang)繼電(dian)(dian)器不用(yong)線圈勵磁(ci)(ci)，而(er)由恒(heng)磁(ci)(ci)環(huan)產生的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)力驅動開(kai)關動作。恒(heng)磁(ci)(ci)環(huan)能否向干簧(huang)管提供(gong)磁(ci)(ci)力是由感溫磁(ci)(ci)環(huan)的(de)(de)溫控特性決(jue)定的(de)(de)。
3、固(gu)態(tai)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（SSR）的工作原理和特性固(gu)態(tai)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是一種兩個(ge)接線端(duan)(duan)為(wei)輸入端(duan)(duan)，另兩個(ge)接線端(duan)(duan)為(wei)輸出端(duan)(duan)的四端(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件，中間采用隔(ge)離(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件實(shi)現(xian)輸入輸出的電(dian)隔(ge)離(li)。固(gu)態(tai)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)按(an)(an)負(fu)載(zai)電(dian)源類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)可(ke)分為(wei)交流(liu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和直流(liu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。按(an)(an)開關型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式可(ke)分為(wei)常開型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和常閉(bi)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。按(an)(an)隔(ge)離(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式可(ke)分為(wei)混(hun)合型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、變壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)隔(ge)離(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和光電(dian)隔(ge)離(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，以光電(dian)隔(ge)離(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)最多。
二(er)、繼電器主要(yao)產品技術參數1、額(e)定(ding)工作(zuo)電壓是指繼電器正常工作(zuo)時線圈所需(xu)要(yao)的(de)電壓。根(gen)據繼電器的(de)型號(hao)不同，可(ke)以是交(jiao)流電壓，也可(ke)以是直流電壓。
2、直流電(dian)阻是指繼(ji)電(dian)器中線圈的直流電(dian)阻，可以通過萬(wan)能表測(ce)量。
3、吸合電(dian)流是(shi)指(zhi)繼(ji)電(dian)器能夠產生吸合動作的最小電(dian)流。在正常使用時，給定的電(dian)流必須(xu)略大于(yu)吸合電(dian)流，這樣繼(ji)電(dian)器才能穩定地工(gong)作。而對于(yu)線圈所加的工(gong)作電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，一(yi)般不要超過額定工(gong)作電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的1.5倍(bei)，否則會產生較大的電(dian)流而把線圈燒(shao)毀。
4、釋放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)是指繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器產生釋放(fang)(fang)動作(zuo)的最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。當繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器吸(xi)合狀(zhuang)態的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減(jian)小到一(yi)定程度(du)時，繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器就會恢(hui)復到未通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的釋放(fang)(fang)狀(zhuang)態。這時的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)遠(yuan)遠(yuan)小于吸(xi)合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。
5、觸(chu)點(dian)切換電(dian)壓和電(dian)流(liu)是指(zhi)繼(ji)電(dian)器允許加載的電(dian)壓和電(dian)流(liu)。它決定了(le)繼(ji)電(dian)器能控(kong)制電(dian)壓和電(dian)流(liu)的大(da)小，使用(yong)時(shi)不能超過此(ci)值，否則很(hen)容易損(sun)壞繼(ji)電(dian)器的觸(chu)點(dian)。
三、繼(ji)電器測試
1、測(ce)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)用萬(wan)能表的電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)檔，測(ce)量常(chang)(chang)閉觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)與動(dong)點(dian)(dian)電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)，其阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)應為0，(用更加精(jing)確方式可測(ce)得觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)在100毫歐(ou)以(yi)內(nei))；而(er)常(chang)(chang)開觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)與動(dong)點(dian)(dian)的阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)就(jiu)為無窮大。由(you)此可以(yi)區別出那(nei)個是常(chang)(chang)閉觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)，那(nei)個是常(chang)(chang)開觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)。
2、測(ce)線圈電阻(zu)可用萬能表R×10Ω檔測(ce)量繼(ji)電器線圈的(de)阻(zu)值(zhi)，從(cong)而判斷(duan)該線圈是(shi)否存(cun)在著開(kai)路現象(xiang)。
3、測量吸(xi)合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和吸(xi)合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流找來可(ke)調穩(wen)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流表(biao)，給繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸入一(yi)組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，且(qie)在供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路中串入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流表(biao)進行監測。慢慢調高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，聽到繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)吸(xi)合(he)聲(sheng)時，記下該吸(xi)合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和吸(xi)合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。為(wei)求準確，可(ke)以試多(duo)幾次而求平(ping)均值。
4、測量釋(shi)(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和釋(shi)(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流也(ye)是像上(shang)述那樣連接測試，當(dang)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)發(fa)生吸合后，再逐漸降低供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，當(dang)聽到(dao)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)再次發(fa)生釋(shi)(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)聲音時(shi)，記下(xia)此時(shi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，亦可嘗(chang)試多幾(ji)次而取得平均的(de)(de)釋(shi)(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和釋(shi)(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。一般情況下(xia)，繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)釋(shi)(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)約在吸合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)10～50％，如果釋(shi)(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)太小（小于1/10的(de)(de)吸合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)），則不(bu)(bu)能正常使用了(le)，這樣會(hui)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)造成威脅(xie)，工作不(bu)(bu)可靠。
四、繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)符(fu)號(hao)和(he)觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)形式繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器線圈在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中用一(yi)個長(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)框(kuang)符(fu)號(hao)表示，如果繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器有(you)兩(liang)個線圈，就畫兩(liang)個并(bing)列的(de)(de)長(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)框(kuang)。同時在(zai)長(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)框(kuang)內或(huo)長(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)框(kuang)旁(pang)標上繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)文(wen)字符(fu)號(hao)“J”。繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)有(you)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)表示方(fang)(fang)(fang)法：一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是把它(ta)們直接畫在(zai)長(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)框(kuang)一(yi)側(ce)，這種(zhong)(zhong)表示法較為直觀(guan)。另一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是按照電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路連接的(de)(de)需(xu)要，把各個觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)分別畫到各自的(de)(de)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中，通常在(zai)同一(yi)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)與(yu)線圈旁(pang)分別標注上相同的(de)(de)文(wen)字符(fu)號(hao)，并(bing)將觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)組編上號(hao)碼(ma)，以示區別。繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)觸(chu)點(dian)(dian)有(you)三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)基本形式：
1、動合型(xing)（H型(xing)）線圈不(bu)通電時兩觸點是斷開的(de)，通電后，兩個觸點就(jiu)閉合。以(yi)合字(zi)的(de)拼音字(zi)頭“H”表(biao)示。
2、動(dong)斷(duan)型（D型）線(xian)圈不通電時兩(liang)觸點是閉合的，通電后兩(liang)個觸點就斷(duan)開。用斷(duan)字的拼音字頭“D”表示。
3、轉(zhuan)換型（Z型）這是觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)組(zu)(zu)型。這種觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)組(zu)(zu)共有(you)三個觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)，即中間是動(dong)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)，上下各一(yi)(yi)個靜觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)。線(xian)圈(quan)不(bu)通電(dian)時，動(dong)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)和其中一(yi)(yi)個靜觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)斷開和另(ling)一(yi)(yi)個閉(bi)合(he)，線(xian)圈(quan)通電(dian)后，動(dong)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)就(jiu)移動(dong)，使原來斷開的(de)(de)成閉(bi)合(he)，原來閉(bi)合(he)的(de)(de)成斷開狀態，達(da)到(dao)轉(zhuan)換的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。這樣的(de)(de)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)組(zu)(zu)稱為轉(zhuan)換觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)。用“轉(zhuan)”字的(de)(de)拼音字頭“z”表示。
五、繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)用1、先了解必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件①控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，能提(ti)供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)；②被控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)；③被控電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)需要(yao)幾(ji)組、什么形式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觸(chu)點。選(xuan)用繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時，一般控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可(ke)作(zuo)為選(xuan)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依(yi)(yi)據。控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)應能給繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)提(ti)供足夠(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，否則繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吸(xi)合(he)(he)是(shi)不穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。2、查(cha)閱有(you)關(guan)資(zi)料(liao)確定(ding)使(shi)用條件后，可(ke)查(cha)找相關(guan)資(zi)料(liao)，找出需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)型號和規(gui)格號。若手頭已有(you)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，可(ke)依(yi)(yi)據資(zi)料(liao)核對是(shi)否可(ke)以利用。最(zui)(zui)后考慮(lv)尺(chi)寸是(shi)否合(he)(he)適。3、注(zhu)意器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)具的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)積。若是(shi)用于一般用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，除考慮(lv)機(ji)箱(xiang)容(rong)積外(wai)，小(xiao)(xiao)型繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)考慮(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)板(ban)安裝布(bu)局。對于小(xiao)(xiao)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，如玩(wan)具、遙控裝置則應選(xuan)用超小(xiao)(xiao)型繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)產品。繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分類：繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分類方法較(jiao)多，可(ke)以按作(zuo)用原理、外(wai)形尺(chi)寸、保護特征、觸(chu)點負載、產品用途等分類。
一(yi)、按作用(yong)原理(li)分(fen)1、電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)路(lu)內電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的作用(yong)下(xia)，由機械部件的相(xiang)對運動產生(sheng)預定(ding)響(xiang)應(ying)的一(yi)種繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。它包括直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)保(bao)持繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、極化(hua)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、舌簧繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi),節能功(gong)率繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。(1)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)：輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)的控制電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)的電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。
(2)交(jiao)流電(dian)磁(ci)繼電(dian)器：輸入電(dian)路中的控制電(dian)流為交(jiao)流的電(dian)磁(ci)繼電(dian)器。
(3)磁保持繼電(dian)器：將磁鋼(gang)引入磁回路(lu)，繼電(dian)器線圈(quan)斷電(dian)后，繼電(dian)器的銜鐵仍能保持在線圈(quan)通電(dian)時的狀態，具有兩個穩定狀態。
(4)極化(hua)繼(ji)電器：狀態改變取決于(yu)輸(shu)入激(ji)勵量極性(xing)的一(yi)種(zhong)直流(liu)繼(ji)電器
。(5)舌簧繼(ji)電(dian)器：利用密封在管內，具有觸點簧片和銜鐵磁路雙(shuang)重作用的舌簧的動作來開、閉或轉換線路的繼(ji)電(dian)器。
(6)節(jie)能(neng)功(gong)率繼電(dian)器:輸入(ru)電(dian)路中的控制電(dian)流為交流的電(dian)磁繼電(dian)器,但(dan)它的電(dian)流大(一(yi)般(ban)30-100A),體積小(xiao), 節(jie)電(dian)功(gong)能(neng).
2、固態繼電器輸入(ru)、輸出功能(neng)由電子元件(jian)完成而無機械運動(dong)部件(jian)的一種繼電器。
3、時(shi)(shi)間繼(ji)電器(qi)當加上或除去輸(shu)入信號(hao)時(shi)(shi)，輸(shu)出部分需延時(shi)(shi)或限時(shi)(shi)到規(gui)定的(de)時(shi)(shi)間才閉合(he)或斷開(kai)其被控線路的(de)繼(ji)電器(qi)。
4、溫度繼電器當外(wai)界溫度達到規(gui)定值時而動(dong)作的繼電器.
5、風(feng)速繼(ji)電器當(dang)風(feng)的速度達到一定值時，被(bei)控(kong)電路將(jiang)接通或斷(duan)開。
6、加速度繼(ji)電器當運動物體的加速度達到(dao)規(gui)定值時，被(bei)控電路將(jiang)接(jie)通或斷(duan)開。
7.其它類(lei)型的繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)如光繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)、聲繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)、熱繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)等。
二、按外形尺(chi)寸(cun)分微型(xing)(xing)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)：最(zui)長邊尺(chi)寸(cun)不大(da)(da)于(yu)10mm的(de)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)超小型(xing)(xing)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)：最(zui)長邊尺(chi)寸(cun)大(da)(da)于(yu)10mm，但不大(da)(da)于(yu)25mm的(de)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)小型(xing)(xing)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)：最(zui)長邊尺(chi)寸(cun)大(da)(da)于(yu)25mm，但不大(da)(da)于(yu)50mm的(de)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)
三、按觸(chu)點負載分微功率(lv)(lv)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)：小于0.2A的(de)(de)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)。弱功率(lv)(lv)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)：0.2～2A的(de)(de)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)。中功率(lv)(lv)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)：2～10A的(de)(de)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)。大(da)功率(lv)(lv)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)：10A以上繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)。節能功率(lv)(lv)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)：20A-100A的(de)(de)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)
四、按(an)防護特征分密(mi)封繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)：采(cai)用焊接或(huo)其它方法(fa)(fa)，將(jiang)觸點和(he)(he)線(xian)(xian)圈等密(mi)封在(zai)金(jin)屬罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)內(nei)，其泄漏率較低的(de)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)。塑封繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)：采(cai)用封膠的(de)方法(fa)(fa)，將(jiang)觸點和(he)(he)線(xian)(xian)圈等密(mi)封在(zai)塑料罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)內(nei)，其泄漏率較高的(de)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)。防塵(chen)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)：用罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)殼將(jiang)觸點和(he)(he)線(xian)(xian)圈等封閉(bi)加以防護的(de)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)。敞開繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)：不用防護罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)來保護觸點和(he)(he)線(xian)(xian)圈等的(de)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)。
五(wu)、按(an)用途分通(tong)訊(xun)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)（包(bao)括高(gao)頻繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)）：該(gai)類繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)觸(chu)點負(fu)載范(fan)圍從低電(dian)(dian)平到中(zhong)等電(dian)(dian)流，環境使用條件(jian)要求不(bu)高(gao)。機(ji)(ji)床繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)：機(ji)(ji)床中(zhong)使用的繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，觸(chu)點負(fu)載功率大，壽命長。家電(dian)(dian)用繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)：家用電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)使用的繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，要求安全性(xing)能好。汽(qi)車繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)：汽(qi)車中(zhong)使用的繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，該(gai)類繼(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)切換負(fu)載功率大，抗沖、抗振性(xing)高(gao)。
小(xiao)型直流繼電器(qi)參(can)數小(xiao)型直流電磁繼電器(qi)的主要參(can)數有(you):
1一線(xian)圈(quan)直(zhi)流電阻，指用萬用表(biao)測出(chu)的線(xian)圈(quan)的電阻值(zhi)。2
一額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或(huo)額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這是指繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器正(zheng)常工作時，線圈的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流值(zhi)。有時，手冊(ce)中(zhong)只給出額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或(huo)額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這時就可以(yi)用歐姆定(ding)(ding)律算出沒給出的額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流或(huo)額(e)(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi):即/=U/R，U=IxR，R為繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器線圈的直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻。
3一(yi)吸合(he)電(dian)(dian)壓或電(dian)(dian)流，它是指繼電(dian)(dian)器產生吸合(he)時的(de)(de)最小電(dian)(dian)壓或電(dian)(dian)流。如果只給繼電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)線(xian)圈(quan)上(shang)加上(shang)吸合(he)電(dian)(dian)壓，這時的(de)(de)吸合(he)是不牢(lao)靠的(de)(de)。一(yi)般吸合(he)電(dian)(dian)壓為額定工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)75%左右。
4一釋(shi)放(fang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)或(huo)電(dian)流，是指(zhi)繼(ji)電(dian)器兩端的電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)減小到一定數值時(shi)，繼(ji)電(dian)器從吸合狀態(tai)轉(zhuan)到釋(shi)放(fang)狀態(tai)時(shi)的電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值。釋(shi)放(fang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)要比吸合電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)小得多，一般釋(shi)放(fang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)是吸合電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的1/4左石(shi)。
5一觸(chu)(chu)點負載(zai)，是(shi)指繼電(dian)(dian)器的觸(chu)(chu)點在切(qie)換時能(neng)承(cheng)受(shou)的電(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)流值。
公(gong)司介紹：上海上繼科技有(you)限公(gong)司是一家專業從事電力系統(tong)繼電保護及智(zhi)能電網電(dian)(dian)力(li)自動(dong)化產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)研發、設(she)(she)計、生產(chan)、銷售(shou)和(he)服務為一(yi)體的(de)高(gao)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)公(gong)司。擁有資深繼電(dian)(dian)保護(hu)專(zhuan)家團隊和(he)國(guo)內(nei)領先(xian)的(de)檢(jian)測儀器及校驗(yan)設(she)(she)備。同時還引(yin)用國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)先(xian)進(jin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，來進(jin)行技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)。本公(gong)司的(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)廣泛用于電(dian)(dian)力(li)、工(gong)(gong)礦、鐵路、建(jian)筑等(deng)國(guo)家重大工(gong)(gong)程輸(shu)配變電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統上，產(chan)品(pin)(pin)遠(yuan)銷東(dong)南(nan)亞及中東(dong)地區。產(chan)品(pin)(pin)通(tong)過國(guo)家繼電(dian)(dian)保護(hu)及自動(dong)化設(she)(she)備質(zhi)(zhi)量監督檢(jian)驗(yan)中心檢(jian)測，獲得ISO9001國(guo)際質(zhi)(zhi)量體系(xi)認證。“科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)，誠信務實”是公(gong)司的(de)經(jing)營(ying)理念，本公(gong)司以高(gao)超的(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)支(zhi)持和(he)對用戶高(gao)度負(fu)責的(de)售(shou)后服務贏得了(le)輸(shu)配電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)套企業的(de)信賴，且樹(shu)立了(le)良好的(de)信譽。
公司主營：繼電器（時間繼電器，電壓繼電器，電流繼電器，中間繼電器，信號繼電器，閃(shan)光繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)，沖擊繼電(dian)器，同步檢查繼電器，接地繼電器，差動繼電器，重合閘繼電器，絕緣監視繼電器，雙位置繼電器，模數化(hua)繼電(dian)器），微機保護裝置，電力儀表，智能操控裝置
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